Author: Mathilde Guenin, MA
January 29, 2025
View the entire visual report here on Tableau.
Downloadable version below.
Glossary
Agricultural runoff: the surface runoff from farmland's excess water as a result of irrigation or rainfall.
Asthma: is a chronic disease in which the bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe.
Brick kilns: a kiln in which bricks are baked or burned.
DALYs: One DALY represents the loss of the equivalent of one year of full health. DALYs for a disease or health condition are the sum of the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with a disability (YLDs) due to prevalent cases of the disease or health condition in a population.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacteria that is commonly found in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless, but some can cause serious food poisoning.
Greenhouse gases (GHGs): are gases in the earth's atmosphere that trap heat.
Methane: colorless, odorless gas that occurs abundantly in nature and as a product of certain human activities.
Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) : Part of the Paris Agreement, NDCs embody efforts by each country to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
Particulate matter is categorized by size:
PM10 includes particles 10 micrometers or smaller, often coming from dust, construction, wildfires, and agriculture.
PM2.5, even finer particles from burning fuels like gasoline, diesel, and wood, can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, posing a greater health risk.
Pneumonia: is an infection of one or both lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It is a serious infection in which the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid.
Preeclampsia: is a high blood pressure (hypertension) disorder that can occur during pregnancy.
Regenerative agriculture: based on various agricultural and ecological practices, with a particular emphasis on minimal soil disturbance and the practice of composting.
Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) Powerful climate forcers that remain in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time than carbon dioxide.
Stubble burning: In late-October and November, farmers in northern India burn off crop debris, a practice known as stubble burning.
Tuberculosis: is a bacterial disease that usually attacks the lungs. But it can also attack other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain.
Upper respiratory infection: it affects the upper part of your respiratory system, including your sinuses and throat.
Databases:
Sources
CCAC Coalition: (2024). Nigeria Aims for Methane Cuts, Potentially Averting 30,000 Air Pollution Deaths Every Year. https://www.ccacoalition.org/news/nigeria-aims-methane-cuts-potentially-averting-30000-air-pollution-deaths-every-year-0#:~:text=Nigeria%20took%20a%20bold%20step,commitment%20to%20mitigating%20climate%20change.
CCAC Coalition: Short-lived climate pollutants https://www.ccacoalition.org/content/short-lived-climate-pollutants
CCAC Coalition: (2024). Pakistan Develops National Clean Air Plan Using Country’s First Air Pollutant Inventory. https://www.ccacoalition.org/news/pakistan-develops-national-clean-air-plan-using-countrys-first-air-pollutant-inventory.
TheIGC: (2024). Health and Environmental Impacts of Brick Kilns. https://www.theigc.org/blogs/climate-priorities-developing-countries/health-and-environmental-impacts-brick-kilns.
PMC: (2024). Over 80% of Ethiopians Rely on Biomass for Cooking. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11019570/#:~:text=Over%2080%25%20of%20Ethiopians%20are,a%20device%20using%20woody%20biomass.
European Environment Agency: (2024). Air Pollution and Children’s Health. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-pollution-and-childrens-health.
UNICEF: (2021). WASH Norm Infographics (Nigeria). https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/media/5956/file/2021WASHNORM%20Infographics.pdf.
ScienceDirect: (2024). Industrial Waste and Resource Management in Nigeria. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000243#:~:text=Industrial%20waste%2C%20agricultural%20runoff%2C%20domestic,resource%20management%20strategies%20in%20Nigeria.
Human Rights Watch: (2023). Pakistan’s Air Pollution Shortens Lives. https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/06/pakistans-air-pollution-shortens-lives.
CCAC Coalition: (2024). Ethiopia and Air Pollution. https://www.ccacoalition.org/partners/ethiopia.
Bangladesh Department of Environment: (2020). Environmental Management and Air Quality. http://doe.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/doe.portal.gov.bd/page/cdbe516f_1756_426f_af6b_3ae9f35a78a4/2020-06-10-10-14-5c997af8b7845a59a5f8dd1c41dd7f13.pdf.
California Air Resources Board: (2024). Inhalable Particulate Matter and Health. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/inhalable-particulate-matter-and-health.
World Bank: (2024). Catalyzing Clean Air in India. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/publication/catalyzing-clean-air-in-india#:~:text=A%20strong%20emphasis%20on%20expanding,taking%20to%20combat%20air%20pollution.
WHO: (2023). Improving access to water, sanitation, and hygiene can save 1.4 million lives per year. https://www.who.int/news/item/28-06-2023-improving-access-to-water--sanitation-and-hygiene-can-save-1.4-million-lives-per-year--says-new-who-report.
UNICEF: (2023). Triple threat: Water, sanitation, and hygiene – Impact on children. https://www.unicef.org/media/137206/file/triple-threat-wash-EN.pdf.
IQAir: (2024). World air quality rankings. https://www.iqair.com/world-air-quality-rankingsrsltid=AfmBOopAxY_8AxfstpcLK7uFtU_s_l_N1B6b1T4nKxF0jkUalbaWqFwZ.
The Economic Times: (2024). Stubble burning: A major cause of Delhi air pollution, a solvable problem. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/stubble-burning-a-major-cause-of-delhi-air-pollution-a-solvable-problem/articleshow/105373412.cms?from=mdr.
State of Global Air: (2024). State of global air report 2024. https://www.stateofglobalair.org/resources/report/state-global-air-report-2024#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20more%20than%20700%2C000,deaths%20in%20children%20under%20five.
Mongabay India: (2024). It’s been 5 years of the National Clean Air Programme; this is why it hasn’t worked. https://india.mongabay.com/2024/09/its-been-5-years-of-the-national-clean-air-programme-this-is-why-it-hasnt-worked/.
UNEP: (2024). How Asian Countries Could Save Lives and Boost Growth by Tackling Air Pollution. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-asian-countries-could-save-lives-boost-growth-tackling-air-pollution.
CCAC Coalition: (2024). Achieving Africa’s Development While Limiting Air Pollution and Climate Change. https://www.ccacoalition.org/news/achieving-africas-development-limiting-air-pollution-and-climate-change-and-protecting-environment.
UNEP: (2024). Africa Could Prevent 880,000 Deaths a Year by Taking Action on Air Pollution. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/africa-could-prevent-880000-deaths-year-taking-action-air-pollution.
WHO: (2024). https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/158.
CCAC Coalition: (2024). Air Pollution Measures in Asia and the Pacific. https://www.ccacoalition.org/content/air-pollution-measures-asia-and-pacific.
National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) - India: (2024). https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/#/home.
National Clean Air Plan (NCAP) - Pakistan: (2024). https://www.ccacoalition.org/policy-database/national-clean-air-policy-ncap.
The nature conservancy (2021) Promoting Regenerative And No-burn Agriculture (PRANA): to Tackle Climate Change in Northwest India https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/india/our-priorities/prana/
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO): Ambient and household air pollution and health: Frequently asked questions. https://www.paho.org/en/topics/air-quality-and-health/ambient-and-household-air-pollution-and-health-frequently-asked.
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) - Nigeria: (2024). https://unfccc.int/NDCREG.
National Air Quality Management Plan (NAQMP) – Bangladesh: (2024). http://moef.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/moef.portal.gov.bd/page/ac0ce881_4b1d_4844_a426_1b6ee36d2453/NAQMP%202024%20-2030.pdf.
Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution and Climate Change for Sustainable Development in Africa: (2024). https://www.ccacoalition.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Summary%20for%20Decision%20Makers_Integrated%20Assessment%20of%20Air%20Pollution%20and%20Climate%20Change%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20in%20Africa.pdf
The Air Pollution in Asia and the Pacific: Science-Based Solutions. (2024). https://www.ccacoalition.org/sites/default/files/resources//2019_air-pollution-asia-pacific_summary%20report%28v0225%29.pdf
WHO Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs): https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/158